10 recommended tests for those with suspected diabetic kidney disease By Dr V Mohan, Chairman, and Chief Diabetologist
If you are suffering
from diabetes, you need to take special care of your kidneys. While diabetes affects all the
crucial organs of the body, kidney failure in diabetics is way too common. High
sugar levels erode the capillaries of the organs which slowly and steadily
makes the kidneys dysfunctional. Diabetes kidney disease is common in
people who find it difficult to maintain the blood sugar levels within the
healthy range. Kidney disease in diabetics can range from mild,
moderate to severe. In worse cases, diabetes can also lead to end-stage kidney
disease or renal failure where dialysis or a transplant becomes the only option
to look for. One way to save your kidneys from damage is to maintain
proper blood sugar levels and keep a tab on diet to alleviate
any stress on the organ. Apart from this, here are few tests suggested by Dr
V. Mohan of Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre to ensure that your kidneys are
doing fine:
Fasting and postprandial plasma
glucose levels: Every
three months it is necessary for diabetics to go for HbA1c or glycated hemoglobin
test to know how they fare when it comes to controlling diabetes. Glycemic
control in type 2 diabetes is a cornerstone in reducing morbidity and
mortality of the disease. Achieving glycemic control or reducing hyperglycemia
significantly decreases the microvascular and macrovascular complications of
diabetes. So, it your HbA1c numbers are high it also indicates that your
kidneys are at risk of suffering from diabetes kidney disease.
Blood urea: This test measures the levels
of urea in your blood. Higher than normal levels of urea in the blood can
indicate that your kidneys are at risk or are failing to do its job
effectively. It could also be indicative of kidney failure.
Serum creatinine: This is a blood test that
measures serum creatinine levels in the blood. The kidneys remove creatinine
from the body. If the kidneys are dysfunctional then they aren’t able to remove
creatinine from the body. So, a high level of creatinine is a red flag.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
(eGFR): The
glomerular filtration rate is the best test to measure your level of kidney
function and determine your stage of kidney disease. Your doctor can calculate it from
the results of your blood creatinine test, your age, body size and gender.
Serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium
and Bicarbonate): High
levels of serum electrolytes like sodium, potassium and bicarbonate along with
other markers like urea, creatinine, uric acid, sulphate, phosphate,
phosphorus, lipids, cholesterol among others indicate onset of kidney failure.
Serum lipids: While serum lipid profiles come
in handy when we have to asses a heart condition but chronic kidney disease
(CKD) shares some common risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, with
cardiovascular diseases. This is why if you are a diabetic, your doctor might
take into consideration your lipid profiles too.
Blood pressure: High blood pressure can
damage blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to work properly.
This is why keeping a tab on your blood pressure is necessary to keep your
kidneys healthy. High blood pressure could also be an indicator of kidney
failure.
Renal ultrasound: If your blood reports and urine
reports say that your kidneys might be at risk of kidney failure or show signs
of kidney disease, a renal ultrasound might be done to assess the extent of
kidney damage.
ECG: Since heart, kidneys and blood
sugar levels are all related, doing an ECG also gives an idea of the status of
kidney healthy.
Renal vascular study: This is done to measure the
blood flowing in and out of the kidneys. Any kind of damage to the blood
vessels of the kidneys will hamper circulation and filtration of toxins from
the blood.
These tests will help your doctor to
plan a better treatment module for you and safe your kidneys from damage.
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